Ukuba iti eluhlaza ngunozakuzaku womfanekiso weziselo zaseMpuma Asia, ke iti emnyama isasazeke kwihlabathi liphela.Ukusuka eTshayina ukuya kuMzantsi-mpuma Asia, kuMntla Merika, naseAfrika, iti emnyama inokubonwa rhoqo.Le ti, eyazalwa ngengozi, iye yaba sisiselo samazwe ngamazwe ngokuthandwa kolwazi lweti.
Impumelelo engaphumelelanga
Ngasekupheleni kweMing kunye ne-Qing Dynasties yokuqala, umkhosi wadlula kwiLali yaseTongmu, iWuyi, iFujian, kwaye yahlala kumzi-mveliso weti wendawo.Amajoni ayengenandawo yokulala, ngoko ayelala phandle kumagqabi eti afunjwe phantsi kumzi-mveliso weti.Ezi "teas ziphantsi" zomiswa kwaye zenziwe kwaye zithengiswa ngamaxabiso aphantsi.Amagqabi eti akhupha ivumba elinamandla lepine.
Abantu balapha bayayazi ukuba yiti eluhlaza le yoyiswa kukuyenza, kwaye akukho mntu ufuna ukuyithenga ayisele.Basenokuba abazange bacinge ukuba kwiminyaka embalwa, le teyi engaphumelelanga iya kuba yinto eyaziwayo kwihlabathi lonke kwaye ibe yenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo zorhwebo lwangaphandle lwe-Qing Dynasty.Igama layo yiti emnyama.
Iiti ezininzi zaseYurophu esizibonayo ngoku zisekelwe kwiti emnyama, kodwa ngokwenene, njengelizwe lokuqala ukurhweba iti kunye neChina ngomlinganiselo omkhulu, iBritish nayo idlule kwinkqubo ende yokwamkela iti emnyama.Xa iti yaziswa eYurophu ngeNkampani yaseDutch East India, amaBritane ayengenalungelo lokulawula eMzantsi-mpuma Asia, ngoko ke kwafuneka athenge iti kumaDatshi.Eli gqabi lingaqondakaliyo livela eMpuma liye laba bubunewunewu obuxabiseke kakhulu kwiinkcazo zabahambi baseYurophu.Iyakwazi ukunyanga izifo, ukulibazisa ukuguga, kwaye kwangaxeshanye ifanekisela impucuko, ukuzonwabisa kunye nokukhanya.Ukongeza, itekhnoloji yokutyala kunye nemveliso yeti ithathwa njengemfihlo yelizwe elikwinqanaba eliphezulu ngabalawuli baseTshayina.Ukongezelela ekufumaneni itiye esele ilungile kubathengisi, abantu baseYurophu banolwazi olufanayo malunga nezixhobo ze-tea, iindawo zokutyala, iintlobo, njl. Andazi.Iti eyayingeniswa evela eTshayina yayilinganiselwe kakhulu.Ngenkulungwane ye-16 neye-17, amaPhuthukezi akhetha ukungenisa iti evela eJapan.Noko ke, emva kwephulo lokutshatyalaliswa kukaToyotomi Hideyoshi, inani elikhulu lamaKristu aseYurophu labulawa eJapan, yaye urhwebo lweti lwaphantse lwaphazamiseka.
Ngo-1650, ixabiso leponti yeti e-1 eNgilani yayimalunga neekhilogram ezi-6-10, iguqulelwe kwixabiso lanamhlanje, yayilingana ne-500-850 pounds, oko kukuthi, iti ebiza kakhulu eBritani ngelo xesha yayithengiswa. elilingana ne 4,000 yuan namhlanje / ixabiso lekati.Oku kukwasisiphumo sokuhla kwamaxabiso eti njengoko umthamo worhwebo ukhula.Kwakungekho kude kube yi-1689 ukuba iNkampani yase-British East India iqhagamshelane ngokusemthethweni norhulumente wase-Qing kwaye yangenisa itiye ngaphandle ngobuninzi kwiitshaneli ezisemthethweni, kwaye ixabiso leti ye-British yawela ngaphantsi kwe-1 pounds.Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yeti evela eChina, abaseBrithani baye bahlala bedidekile malunga nemibandela yomgangatho, kwaye bahlala bevakalelwa kukuba umgangatho weti yaseTshayina awuzinzile ngokukodwa.
Ngo-1717, uThomas Twinings (umseki we-TWININGS brand) wavula igumbi lokuqala leti eLondon.Isixhobo sakhe somlingo weshishini kukwazisa iindidi ezahlukeneyo zeeti ezixutyiweyo.Ngokuphathelele isizathu sokudala iti ezixutyiweyo, kungenxa yokuba incasa yeeti ezahlukeneyo iyahluka kakhulu.Umzukulwana ka-TWININGS wakhe wachaza indlela kayisemkhulu, “Ukuba ukhupha iibhokisi zeti ezingamashumi amabini kwaye ungcamle iti ngocoselelo, uya kufumanisa ukuba ibhokisi nganye inencasa eyahlukileyo: ezinye zomelele kwaye zine-astringent, ezinye zikhaphukhaphu kwaye azikho nzulu… Ngokuxuba. kunye neti ehambelanayo kwiibhokisi ezahlukeneyo, sinokufumana umxube omnandi kunayo nayiphi na ibhokisi enye.Kwaye, le kuphela kwendlela yokuqinisekisa umgangatho ongaguqukiyo. ”Oomatiloshe baseBritani ngaxeshanye nabo babhala kwiirekhodi zabo zamava ukuba kufuneka baphaphe xa besebenza noosomashishini baseTshayina.Ezinye iti zimnyama ngombala, kwaye ziyakwazi ukubona nje krwada ukuba azikho mnandi.Kodwa eneneni, olu hlobo lweti lunokwenzeka ukuba luveliswe eTshayina.
Kwada kwaba kamva ukuba abantu baseBritani bazi ukuba iti emnyama yahlukile kwiti eluhlaza, eyavusa umdla wokusela iti emnyama.Emva kokubuya kuhambo oluya eTshayina, umfundisi waseBritani uJohn Overton wazisa eBritani ukuba kukho iindidi ezintathu zeti eTshayina: iti yeWuyi, iti yesongluo kunye neti yekeyiki, phakathi kwazo iti yeWuyi ihlonelwa njengeyokuqala ngamaTshayina.”Ukusukela koku, amaBritane aqala Yabamba umkhwa wokusela iti emnyama yeWuyi ekumgangatho ophezulu.
Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba urhulumente we-Qing eyimfihlo ngokupheleleyo yolwazi lweti, abaninzi abantu baseBritani babengazi ukuba umahluko phakathi kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeti ubangelwa kukulungiswa, kwaye ngempazamo bakholelwa ukuba kukho imithi yeti eluhlaza, imithi yeti emnyama, njalo njalo. .
Ukucutshungulwa kweti emnyama kunye nenkcubeko yendawo
Kwinkqubo yokuvelisa iti emnyama, amakhonkco abaluleke ngakumbi abuna kunye nokuvutshelwa.Injongo yokubuna kukuchitha ubumanzi obuqulethwe kumagqabi eti.Kukho iindlela ezintathu eziphambili: ukukhanya kwelanga, ukubuna kwendalo yangaphakathi kunye nokufudumeza.Imveliso yeti emnyama yanamhlanje isekelwe ikakhulu kwindlela yokugqibela.Inkqubo yokuvutshelwa kukunyanzelisa i-theaflavins, i-thearubigins kunye nezinye izinto eziqulethwe kumagqabi eti, yiyo loo nto iti emnyama iya kubonakala ibomvu imnyama.Ngokwenkqubo yemveliso kunye nezixhobo zeti, abantu babedla ngokwahlulahlula iti emnyama ibe ziintlobo ezintathu, ezizezi, iti emnyama yeSouchong, iGongfu emnyama kunye neti ebomvu etyumkileyo.Kufuneka kukhankanywe ukuba abantu abaninzi baya kubhala i-Gongfu Black Tea njenge "Kung Fu Black Tea".Enyanisweni, iintsingiselo zezi zimbini azihambelani, kwaye ukubizwa kwe "Kung Fu" kunye ne "Kung Fu" kwi-dialect yaseHokkien esezantsi nayo yahlukile.Indlela echanekileyo yokubhala kufuneka ibe yi "Gongfu Black Tea".
Iti emnyama kaConfucian kunye neti emnyama eyaphukileyo zizinto eziqhelekileyo ezithunyelwa ngaphandle, kwaye yokugqibela isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiingxowa zeti.Njengobuninzi beti yokuthengisa ngaphandle, iti emnyama ayichaphazelekanga kuphela i-United Kingdom ngenkulungwane ye-19.Ekubeni i-Yongzheng isayine isivumelwano kunye ne-Tsarist yaseRashiya ngonyaka wesihlanu, i-China yaqala ukurhweba neRashiya, kwaye itiye emnyama yaziswa eRashiya.Kubantu baseRussia abahlala kwindawo ebandayo, iti emnyama sisiselo esifanelekileyo sokufudumala.Ngokungafaniyo British, amaRashiya uthanda ukusela iti eyomeleleyo, kwaye baya kongeza jam, izilayi yelamuni, brandy okanye rum ukuba iidosi ezinkulu iti emnyama ukutshatisa Isonka, scones kunye nezinye snacks phantse ukukhonza njengesidlo.
Indlela amaFrentshi asela ngayo iti emnyama iyafana naleyo yase-UK.Bagxininisa kwimvakalelo yokuzonwabisa.Baza kongeza ubisi, iswekile okanye amaqanda kwiti emnyama, babambe iitheko zeti ekhaya, kwaye balungiselele izimuncumuncu ezibhakiweyo.AmaIndiya aphantse asele ikomityi yeti yobisi eyenziwe ngeti emnyama emva kokutya.Indlela yokwenza nayo yodwa kakhulu.Beka iti emnyama, ubisi, i-cloves, kunye ne-cardamom ndawonye embizeni ukuze upheke, uze ugalele izithako zokwenza olu hlobo lweti.Isiselo esibizwa ngokuba yi "Masala Tea".
Umdlalo ofanelekileyo phakathi kweti emnyama kunye nezixhobo ezahlukeneyo zekrwada yenza idume kwihlabathi liphela.Ngenkulungwane ye-19, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukubonelelwa kweti emnyama, iBritane yakhuthaza iikoloni ukuba zilime iti, kwaye yaqala ukukhuthaza inkcubeko yokusela iti kweminye imimandla kunye nokungxama kwegolide.Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-19, iOstreliya neNew Zealand zaba ngamazwe anabantu abaninzi abasela iti ngomntu ngamnye.Ngokumalunga neendawo zokutyala, ukongeza ekukhuthazeni iIndiya kunye neCeylon ukuba zikhuphisane ngokutyala iti emnyama, iBritane yavula amasimi eti kumazwe aseAfrika, awona amele iKenya.Emva kwenkulungwane yophuhliso, iKenya namhlanje ibeyesithathu ngobukhulu umvelisi weti emnyama emhlabeni.Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokunqongophala komhlaba kunye neemeko zemozulu, umgangatho weti emnyama yaseKenya awufanelekanga.Nangona imveliso inkulu, uninzi lwayo lunokusetyenziselwa iibhegi zeti kuphela.Impahla engekasilwa.
Ngokunyuka kwamaza okutyalwa kweti emnyama, indlela yokuqalisa eyabo ibhrendi iye yaba ngumcimbi kubathengisi beti abamnyama ukuba bacinge nzima.Kule meko, ophumelele unyaka ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo nguLipton.Kuthiwa uLipton ungumntu onenzondelelo okhulelwa iti emnyama iiyure ezingama-24 ngosuku.Kanye xa inqanawa yomthwalo eyayikhwele kuyo iLipton yonakala, waza umphathi waxelela abakhweli ukuba baphose imithwalo elwandle.ULipton kwangoko wavakalisa ukuzimisela kwakhe ukulahla yonke iti yakhe emnyama.Phambi kokulahla iibhokisi zeti emnyama, wabhala igama lenkampani yaseLipton kwibhokisi nganye.Ezi bhokisi zaphoswa elwandle zadada kwi-Peninsula yase-Arabia ecaleni kwemisinga yolwandle, kwaye ama-Arabhu awathabatha elunxwemeni ngokukhawuleza athandana nesiselo emva kokusipheka.I-Lipton ingene kwimakethi yaseArabia malunga notyalo-mali oluphantse lube zero.Njengoko u-Lipton ngokwakhe eyinkcuba-buchopho kwaye eyincutshe kwezentengiso, ubunyani bebali alibalisileyo ayikangqinwa.Nangona kunjalo, ukhuphiswano oluqatha kunye nokhuphiswano lweti emnyama kwihlabathi lunokubonwa kule nto.
Main iintlobo
Keemun Kungfu, Lapsang Souchong, Jinjunmei, Yunnan Umthi wamandulo iTi emnyama
Siti emnyama
I-Souchong ithetha ukuba inani linqongophele, kwaye inkqubo ekhethekileyo kukudlula imbiza ebomvu.Ngale nkqubo, ukuvutshelwa kwamagqabi eti kuyekwa, ukuze kugcinwe iphunga lamagqabi eti.Le nkqubo ifuna ukuba xa ubushushu bembiza yentsimbi bufikelela kwimfuno, gxobhoza-gazinga embizeni ngezandla zombini.Ixesha kufuneka lilawulwe ngokufanelekileyo.Ixesha elide okanye elifutshane kakhulu liya kuchaphazela kakhulu umgangatho weti.
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Iti yeGongfu emnyama
Udidi oluphambili lwetiyi yaseTshayina emnyama.Okokuqala, umthamo wamanzi wamagqabi eti uyancipha ube ngaphantsi kwe-60% ngokubuna, kwaye emva koko iinkqubo ezintathu zokuqengqeleka, ukuvutshelwa, kunye nokomisa ziyenziwa.Ngexesha lokuvutshelwa, igumbi lokuvutshelwa kufuneka ligcinwe limnyama kwaye iqondo lokushisa lifanelekile, kwaye ekugqibeleni umgangatho wamagqabi eti ukhethwa ngokucokisekileyo.
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I-CTC
Ukuxova kunye nokusika kuthatha indawo yokuxova kwinkqubo yokuvelisa iintlobo ezimbini zokuqala zeti emnyama.Ngenxa yokwahluka kweendlela zemanyuwali, oomatshini, ukuxova kunye nokusika, umgangatho kunye nokubonakala kweemveliso eziveliswayo zihluke kakhulu.Iti ebomvu etyumkileyo idla ngokusetyenziswa njengezinto ezingasetyenziswanga kwiibhegi zeti kunye neti yobisi.
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Jin Junmei
● Imvelaphi: Intaba yaseWuyi, eFujian
● Umbala wesobho: igolide tyheli
● Ivumba: Ukulukwa okuhlanganisiweyo
Iti entsha, eyadalwa ngo-2005, yiti emnyama ekumgangatho ophezulu kwaye idinga ukwenziwa kwi-buds yemithi yeti ye-alpine.Kukho ukulinganisa okuninzi, kwaye iti yokwenyani eyomileyo etyheli, emnyama, kunye negolide inemibala emithathu, kodwa akukho mbala omnye wegolide.
Lapsang Souchong
● Imvelaphi: Intaba yaseWuyi, eFujian
● Umbala wesobho: ubomvu obuqaqambileyo
● Ivumba: Ivumba lepine
Ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kweenkuni zepine eziveliswe ekuhlaleni ukutshaya kunye nokuqhotsa, iLapsang Souchong iya kuba nerosin ekhethekileyo okanye ivumba elimnandi.Ngokuqhelekileyo iqamza lokuqala livumba lePine, kwaye emva kwamaqamza amabini okanye amathathu, ivumba elimnandi liqala ukuvela.
Tanyang Kungfu
● Imvelaphi: Fu'an, Fujian
● Umbala wesobho: ubomvu obuqaqambileyo
● Ivumba: Lihle
Imveliso ebalulekileyo yokuthumela ngaphandle ngexesha le-Qing Dynasty, yayikhe yaba yiti ekhethiweyo yosapho lwasebukhosini baseBhritane, kwaye yenza izigidi zeethale zesilivere kwingeniso yotshintshiselwano lwangaphandle kwi-Qing Dynasty minyaka le.Kodwa inegama eliphantsi e-China, kwaye yatshintsha yaba yiti eluhlaza ngeminyaka yoo-1970.
Ixesha lokuposa: Feb-10-2023